Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2017 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 7 Articles
Background: Till now many of medicinal plants having claimed therapeutic value traditionally are waiting scientific\nverification of their efficacy and safety. Accordingly this study is conducted to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of\nhydromethanolic root extract of Indigofera spicata Forssk. in castor oil induced diarrhea model, misoprostol induced\nsecretion model and its antimotility activity using charcoal as a marker.\nMethods: In all the three models the animals were randomly allocated into five groups of six animals each and\nthen group I mice were received 1 ml/100 g normal saline, group II were treated with standard drug as a positive\ncontrol whereas group III, IV and V were treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg extract doses, respectively. Statistical\nsignificance of differences in the mean of number of defecations, fluid content of faces, intestinal fluid accumulation\nratio, intestinal fluid weight and distance travelled by charcoal between groups was analyzed by SPSS version-21 using\none way ANOVA followed by Tukey�s post hoc multiple comparison.\nResult: The hydromethanolic crude extract of Indigofera spicata at 200 and 400 mg/kg mg/kg doses showed\nstatistically significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of the frequency of defecation and weight difference of the fluid content of\nthe faces compared to the negative controls. For those doses the percentage inhibition of diarrheal feces was 43.62\nand 53.51 %, respectively. The antisecretary activity of the extract in terms of fluid accumulation ratio was not found\nsignificant but in terms of intestinal fluid weight, all the extract doses revealed significant (p < 0.05) inhibition. Unlike\nthe standard drug, the antimotility activity of the extract was not found statistically significant compared to the\nnegative control.\nConclusion: Root of Indigofera spicata Forssk. has shown promising antidiarrheal activity which validates its traditional\nuse. Further studies are needed and possibly the plant may serve as a potential source of new agent in the therapeutic\narmamentarium of diarrhea....
Raphanus sativus Linn. (Syn: Raphanus caudatus) belonging to the family Brassicaceae, is an annual or biennial bristly\nherb, cultivated throughout India. Commonly, it is known as radish. The plant is used for the treatment of various ailments like\ninfluenza, dysentery, urinary troubles, heart disease, leprosy, cholera, dyspepsia, amenorrhea, paralysis etc. It is known to\npossess anthelmintic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and diuretic properties. The present investigation was\nplanned to analyze the anthelmintic activity of different extracts (ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform) of leaves of Raphanus\nsativus. The various doses of extracts were evaluated for their anthelmintic activities on adult Indian earth worms, Pheretima\nposthumous. All the extracts were able to show anthelmintic activity at 2.5 mg/ml concentration. The activities were comparable\nwith the standard drugs, piperazine citrate and albendazole. All extracts at a dose concentration of 2.5 mg/ml was found to\nexhibit a better anthelmintic activity than the standard drug albendazole (15 mg/ml) and a lower activity than piperazine citrate\n(10 mg/ml). As the dose of the extract was increased a gradual increase in its anthelmintic activity was observed. The\nchloroform and ethanol extract showed better anthelmintic activity in comparison with ethyl acetate extract, from which it\ncould be entitled that these extracts of the species possess anthelmintic activity against common worms and other infections\ncaused due to these parasites....
Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. (Family Menispermaceae) is a widely used herb as traditional medicines by\nindigenous groups. The literature survey revealed Tinospora cordifolia to be a vital therapeutic plant used for the ethnomedical\ntreatment of colds, headaches, pharyngitis, fever, diarrhea, oral ulcer, diabetes, digestive disorder and rheumatoid arthritis. The\nphytochemical studies revealed the presence of many valuable chemical compounds like alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones,\nglycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoids and phenolics. Tinospora cordifolia has been reported to have various pharmacological\nactivities like anti-oxidant, anti-stress, anti-diabetic, anti-spasmodic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-leprotic,\nanti-malarial, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and anti-neoplastic activities. This review is aimed at summarizing the\npublished knowledge of the traditional uses, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, biological activities and toxicities reports of\nTinospora cordifolia to reveal its therapeutic potentials and offer scope for future researches....
Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leafy stems of Acacia hockii harvested in Tangui�©ta, were examined for antimicrobial and\nantioxidant activities. Phytochemical screening of A. hockii was performed using two complementary methods: tube test\nand thin layer chromatography method. Antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were investigated against\nfour Gram Positive and two Gram negative strains bacteria and three species of Aspergillus. The microdilution and agar\ndiffusion methods were used to evaluate antibacterial and antifungal activities respectively. The antioxidant activity was\nevaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results showed the presence of Alkaloids, flavonoids,\nanthracene derivatives, tannins, pigments, triterpenes, saponins and lignans in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. hockii\nleafy stems. Coumarins are only present in the ethanolic extract. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of extracts ranged\nfrom 0.625 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml. Both extracts showed significant inhibition effect of sporulation with an inhibitory\npercentage up to 95.88%, while little to moderate inhibition was obtained against the mycelium growth (36.62 to 78.80 %).\nAntioxidant activity of extracts ranged from 6 to 96 %. The results suggested that Acacia hockii extracts contains\nantimicrobial and antioxidant agents....
The main aim of the present study was to formulate low cost natural mosquito paper coil and to evaluate the\nmosquitocidal activity of Ixora coccinea Linn. leaf extracts. Ixora coccinea Linn. is the plant belonging to the family of Rubiaceae.\nSeveral bioactive compounds have been isolated from the Ixora coccinea Linn leaf extracts reported to possess anti-diabetic\nactivity, mosquitocidal activity, antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities. Mosquito species are well known vectors for the\ntransmission of vector borne diseases affecting human beings particularly malaria, dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya fever and\nfilariasis. In recent years development of new synthetic products and their introduction into international usage has become a\nvery costly affair and shows side effects. Hence, a lot of time, money and resources are channeled towards the synthetic\nformulation. Different extracts of Ixora coccinea Linn were prepared and they are formulated as a paper coil and evaluated by\nusing commercially obtained paper coil as a standard for its mosquitocidal activity....
Background: Plant polyphenols have been found to be effective in preventing ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-\ninduced skin alterations. A dietary approach based of these compounds could be a safe and effective method\nto provide a continuous adjunctive photoprotection measure. In a previous study, a combination of rosemary\n(Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) extracts has exhibited potential photoprotective\neffects both in skin cell model and in a human pilot trial.\nObjective: We investigated the efficacy of a combination of rosemary (R. officinalis) and grapefruit\n(C. paradisi) in decreasing the individual susceptibility to UVR exposure (redness and lipoperoxides) and\nin improving skin wrinkledness and elasticity.\nDesign: A randomised, parallel group study was carried out on 90 subjects. Furthermore, a pilot, randomised,\ncrossover study was carried out on five subjects. Female subjects having skin phototype from I to III and\nshowing mild to moderate chrono- or photoageing clinical signs were enrolled in both studies. Skin redness\n(a* value of CIELab colour space) after UVB exposure to 1 minimal erythemal dose (MED) was assessed in\nthe pilot study, while MED, lipoperoxides (malondialdehyde) skin content, wrinkle depth (image analysis),\nand skin elasticity (suction and elongation method) were measured in the main study.\nResults: Treated subjects showed a decrease of the UVB- and UVA-induced skin alterations (decreased skin\nredness and lipoperoxides) and an improvement of skin wrinkledness and elasticity. No differences were\nfound between the 100 and 250 mg extracts doses, indicating a plateau effect starting from 100 mg extracts\ndose. Some of the positive effects were noted as short as 2 weeks of product consumption.\nConclusions: The long-term oral intake of NutroxsunTM can be considered to be a complementary nutrition\nstrategy to avoid the negative effects of sun exposure. The putative mechanism for these effects is most likely\nto take place through the inhibition of UVR-induced reactive oxygen species and the concomitant\ninflammatory markers (lipoperoxides and cytokines) together with their direct action on intracellular\nsignalling pathways....
Background: Acacia ataxacantha is a medicinal specie used extensively in traditional medicine of Benin republic to\ntreat infectious diseases. Our previous study showed interesting antibacterial and antifungal activities against six\nstrains of bacteria and six strains of fungi. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant\nactivities of compounds isolated from A. ataxacantha.\nMethods: Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were used to isolate and identify three compounds (1ââ?¬â??3)\nfrom the bark of A. ataxacantha. Phytochemical investigation of A. ataxacantha (Fabaceae) led to the isolation of\nthree triterpenoids (1ââ?¬â??3). The structure of isolated compounds was established by differents spectroscopic methods\nsuch as UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR and Mass. All isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity\nusing agar disc-diffusion and microdilution methods. The radical scavenging activity of isolated compounds was\nassessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.\nResults: Phytochemical investigation led to the isolation and identification of lupeol (1), betulinic acid (2) and\nbetulinic acid-3-trans-caffeate (3). Moderate antimicrobial activity was obtained with compound 3 against\nmethicillin-resitant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus feacalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC value of\n25 Ã?¼g/ml and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC of 50 Ã?¼g/ml). Compounds 3 was more active against Staphylococcus\nepidermidis and Candida albicans with a MIC value of 12.5 Ã?¼g/ml in boths cases. Compounds 3 had also interesting\nantioxidant activity with an IC50 of 3.57 Ã?¼g/ml compared to quercetin (1.04 Ã?¼g/ml).\nConclusion: The overall results of this study provide evidence that the compound 3, isolated from A. ataxacantha,\nexhibit antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast, especially against C.\nalbicans....
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